22 files changed, 248 insertions, 79 deletions

diff --git a/aux.otx b/aux.otx
index e4797a0..8beb691 100644
--- a/aux.otx
+++ b/aux.otx
@@ -3,3 +3,26 @@
   \margins/2 fold (0.65,0.5,0.6,0.7)in
   \footlinedist=12pt
 }
+
+% --- parts
+\newcount\partnum
+\eoldef\part#1{\vfil\break
+  \incr\partnum \_chapnum=0 \_chapx % reset counters
+  \vglue100pt
+  \incr\tocrefnum \dest[toc:\the\tocrefnum] % destination from TOC and outlines
+  \centerline{\typosize[20/]\bf Part \the\partnum:\quad #1} % Title
+  \_ewref\_Xtoc{{0}{part}{}{}#1} % TOC line, \part has level 0
+  {\nopagenumbers \vfil\break}   % single page without pageno
+}
+
+
+\_sdef{_tocl:0}#1#2#3{\_bigskip \_bf\_llaptoclink{#1}{#2}\_nobreak\_hfill \_pgn{#3}\_tocpar}
+\_sdef{_tocl:1}#1#2#3{\_llaptoclink{#1}{#2}\_nobreak\_hfill \_pgn{#3}\_tocpar}
+\_sdef{_tocl:2}#1#2#3{{\typoscale[900/]\it\_llaptoclink{#1}{#2}\_tocdotfill \_pgn{#3}\_tocpar}}
+\_sdef{_tocl:3}#1#2#3{\_advance\_leftskip by\_iindent \_cs{_tocl:2}{#1}{#2}{#3}}
+
+\fontfam[Latin Modern]
+\fontfam[Pagella]
+\Pagella\rm
+
+\_def \_printfnotemark {\_quitvmode\_hbox{\typoscale[850/]$^{\_fnotenum}$}} % default footnote mark
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/database_knowledgebase.otx b/database_knowledgebase.otx
index 271af49..3072e20 100644
--- a/database_knowledgebase.otx
+++ b/database_knowledgebase.otx
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Turoff and Hiltz refer to Simmel's category of \dq{the stranger} to account for
 \Q{The stranger is close to us, insofar as we feel between him and ourselves common features of a national, social, occupational, or generally human, nature. He is far from us, insofar as these common features extend beyond him or us\ld\ Objectivity\ld is a particular structure composed of distance and nearness, indifference and involvement.}
 \Qs{quoted in Turoff and Hiltz, op. cit. p. 28.}
 
-In the EIES conference Gillette explores this contradiction further by employing (via Talcott Parsons) Weber's polar concepts: \e{gemeinschaft} vs. \e{gesellschaft}. \e{Gemeinschaft} designates the affective dimensions of traditional societies, and \e{gesellschaft} designates the institutional, bureaucratic forms of industrial society. Habermas, reformulating Weber, distinguishes between purposive-rational action (associated with technical rules, context-free language and productive forces) and communicative action or symbolic interaction (associated with social norms, intersubjectively shared ordinary language, and emancipation).\foots{Jürgen Habermas, \essaytitle{Technology and Science as `Ideology'} in \booktitle{Toward a Rational Society} (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970). See also \booktitle{Knowledge and Human Interests} (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971). Trent Schroyer's essay in this issue develops arguments based on Habermas; Schroyer's essay is a distinct American development, however, with formation of specific advocacy strategies.} Purposive-rational action is the determining form of modernization which has led to the possible transition to a \dq{post-industrial society.} Daniel Bell writes:
+In the EIES conference Gillette explores this contradiction further by employing (via Talcott Parsons) Weber's polar concepts: \e{gemeinschaft} vs. \e{gesellschaft}. \e{Gemeinschaft} designates the affective dimensions of traditional societies, and \e{gesellschaft} designates the institutional, bureaucratic forms of industrial society. Habermas, reformulating Weber, distinguishes between purposive-rational action (associated with technical rules, context-free language and productive forces) and communicative action or symbolic interaction (associated with social norms, intersubjectively shared ordinary language, and emancipation).\foots{Jürgen Habermas, \essaytitle{Technology and Science as `Ideology'} in \booktitle{Toward a Rational Society} (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970). See also \booktitle{Knowledge and Human Interests} (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971). Trent Schroyer's essay in this issue {\Dejavu\sans\rm (Page \pgref[schroyer].)}develops arguments based on Habermas; Schroyer's essay is a distinct American development, however, with formation of specific advocacy strategies.} Purposive-rational action is the determining form of modernization which has led to the possible transition to a \dq{post-industrial society.} Daniel Bell writes:
 
 \Q{The concept \dq{post-industrial society} emphasizes the centrality of theoretical knowledge as the axis around which new technology, economic growth and the stratification of society will be organized\ld 
 
diff --git a/eies.otx b/eies.otx
index f6910f5..628123c 100644
--- a/eies.otx
+++ b/eies.otx
@@ -549,4 +549,10 @@ The questions we are addressing here (and I take many of Frank's entries this wa
 \centerline{\picw=3.5in\inspic{harmanal.png}}
 \cskip
 \caption/f A precursor of the modern digital computer: replica of the Michelson-Stratton harmonic analyzer. Developed in 1989, the machine was capable of handling Fourier series of 80 terms. Fed the Fourier coefficients of a trigonometric series, it could produce a graph of the sum function and also perform the reverse process. (IBM)
+\endinsert
+
+\midinsert
+\centerline{\picw=3.5in\inspic{leibniz.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f Leibniz Calculator (IBM).
 \endinsert
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/geopolitics.review.news.otx b/geopolitics.review.news.otx
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index 0000000..0c41234
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+\break
+
+{\LMfonts\ttset\rm\raggedright\typoscale[850/]
+\def\midline#1{\vskip 1em\centerline{{\ttset\bf\ul{#1}}}\vskip 1em}
+\def\comm#1{{\scalemain\typoscale[1000/]\Dejavu\sans\rm\fnote{#1}}}
+
+{\typoscale[1400/]\noindent\rightskip=0pt plus1fill\leftskip=0pt plus1fill
+U.N. Gave \$432,000 To the Foreign Press To Publish Its Views\comm{This is incorrect. The aim was not to promote the U.N. or its view but to get a wide-ranging exchange of different views.}\par}
+
+\vskip 2em
+{\ttset\it \rightline{By BERNARD D. NOSSITER}}
+{\typoscale[900/]\rightline{\ul{Special to The Now York Times}}}
+
+\vskip 2em
+
+\noindent UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., May 27---The United Nations has acknowledged\comm{The use of the word \dq{acknowledge} is calculated to make it seem as if the U.N. had previously tried to hide this information: In fact, the project was announced to the press in 1979. Press releases, leaflets and booklets on it were released. \journaltitle{The New York Times} itself was asked to participate in the project. A letter from its publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, said: \dq{\e{It is with great regret that we shall not be able to participate. I do hope that you will find other newspapers that will be able to cooperate and I look forward to seeing the product of your ideas.}}} giving subsidies of \$432,000 to 15 foreign newspapers for supplements promoting the organization's view on aid to the third world. 
+
+The newspapers receiving the money included \journaltitle{Le Monde of Paris} and \journaltitle{Asahi Shimbun} of Tokyo, each of which received the maximum grant of \$48,000, according to a table supplied by the United Nations. 
+
+A 16\textsuperscript{th} paper, \journaltitle{Jornal do Brasil} of Rio de Janeiro, said it ran the supplements but refused the grant as improper.\comm{No representative of the \journaltitle{Jornal do Brasil} ever said at any meeting of the editors that the grants were improper.}
+
+\midline{A Japanese Provided Money}
+
+The money was provided by Ryoichi Sasakawa, an influential conservative Japanese businessman who has supported the United Nations financially be- fore. His help with the supplements was solicited by Genichi Akatani, a former United Nations Under Secretary General for Public Information. Mr. Akatani obtained \$1.25 million, according to his Japanese successor, Yasushi Akashi. 
+
+None of the supplements, which appeared quarterly, were labeled advertising, nor did they contain any references to the grants.\comm{The payments covered a part of the newsprint costs. If this made the supplements \dq{advertisements} then all stories filed from U.N, Headquarters by \journaltitle{The New York Times}' correspondents should also be labelled as ads. For the \journaltitle{Times} has accepted free office space at the U.N. for over three decades. The cost of this runs to several hundred thousand dollars.} They consisted of articles written by the participating newspapers and by United Nations agencies. Each participating paper was required to carry three articles produced by the United Nations, according to Leila Doss, director of the division for economic and social information in the Department of Public \nl In\-for\-mation. Some of the articles written by United Nations officials were identified as such in at least some of the papers. 
+
+Reached by telephone in Paris, \journaltitle{Le Monde}'s director, Jacques Fauvet, said.  \dq{It is desirable to support the north-south dialogue,}\comm{The concept of the North-South dialogue, central to the whole project, is mentioned here for the first time in passing.} and he added that he saw \dq{no reason to-refuse} the money. Mr. Fauvet said he did not know that his paper was required to run in each supplement at least three articles prepared by United Nations agencies. 
+
+He said that decisions on what went into the supplements were left to Jean Schwoebel, \journaltitle{Le Monde}'s former diplomatic correspondent, who receives \$69,600 a year from the United Nations as the project's coordinator, 
+
+In Rio de Janeiro, Walter Fontura, editor in chief of \journaltitle{Jornal do Brasil}, said his newspaper rejected \$24,000 to reimburse the \nl paper for newsprint because \dq{we do not feel it is proper to receive any kind of subsidy.} He said, \dq{It raises a question with respect to the material.}\comm{The attempt here is to contrast the Mr. Clean image of the \journaltitle{Jornal do Brasil}---a newspaper which has thrived under one of the most repressive military juntas the world has seen---with the impropriety of the other papers involved.  The unstated---and absurd---premise here is that the U.N.  bribed some of the most independent papers in some of the most openly democratic countries of the world. And that it did so with a few thousand dollars!}
+
+Mr. Fontura said he tried to persuade the other 15 newspapers that participated to reject the subsidies, "but I was not applauded." Without the money from the United Nations, he did not feel obligated to run its articles. His supplements carried only material chosen by his editors and supplied by the participating newspapers. 
+
+\break
+\midline{Meeting Now in Geneva}
+
+What happened to the rest of Mr. Sasakawa's \$1.25 million \nl gift is not clear.\comm{By saying this is \dq{not clear,} young Bernie makes it sound as if murky things were afoot. The information was not only available, it was given to him.}
+
+However, the editors of the newspapers involved or their representatives have been meeting every months at the find's expense in Vienna, Paris and other cities to choose themes and the contents for the supplements. They are in Geneva now to look for fresh funds. Generous expenses\comm{The \dq{generous expenses} were standard U.N. per diem payments which barely cover the cost of hotels and food.  The throwaway reference to an unnamed person fired for accepting \dq{a cash allowance} is the very worst type of yellow journalism. It has nothing to do with the U.N. project.} are allotted them, and Mr. Fontira said he had dismissed one of his staff members who accepted a cash allowance.
+
+What the United Nations received for its money is unclear. \nl Mr. Fontura said the project \dq{is not contributing to a dialogue.}\comm{This conflicts with the earlier assertion that the supplements promoted U.N. views.}
+
+In one issue, a long article by Bhaskar P. Menon of the \nl United Nation's Division for Social and Economic Information, deplored the fact that the \dq{new international economic order} had not been enacted. But Mr. Menon did not explain that this is the term used to refer to an enormous transfer of goods and services from rich to poor through the erection of commodity cartels, the printing of money by the International Monetary Fund, big increases in aid and similar devices.\comm{An absurd characterization of the New International Economic Order.} Mr. Menon simply described all this as the \dq{decolonization of the world economy.}\comm{The quote on \dq{decolonization} is falsely attributed. The full quote in the article reads: \dq{\e{Developing countries are asking nothing less than the decolonization of the world economy, their own complete economic emancipation.}}}
+
+\midline{Others Also Omitted Details}
+
+Mr. Schwoebel, the coordinator, wrote that the supplements should persuade readers to \dq{make sacrifices} for a \dq{new economic and social order.} He, too, omitted details. Similarly, Secretary General Kurt Waldheim said the supplements would \dq{help to foster a better understanding of the vital objectives of the néw international economic order} but left out specifics. 
+
+A supplement that appeared last fall in \journaltitle{Dawn in Karachi}, Pakistan, carried a story from \journaltitle{Zycie Warszawy} of Warsaw, another of the participating newspapers, attributing inflation in Communist countries to imports from the rest of the world; an article by a World Health Organization writer on the group's workers in Thailand, and a staff-written review of Western inflation that traced its roots to the \dq{struggle} between \dq{monopoly profits} and unions.\comm{A mild version of McCarthyism---code words to set off anti-communist alarms. Again the quotes and assessments are lifted out of context.}
+
+The first supplement appeared in mid-1979. According to Miss Doss of the United Nations, the newspaper grants ran out after a year. The \journaltitle{Frankfurter Rundschau} of Frankfurt, which had a \$24,000 subsidy, and \journaltitle{Die Presse} of Vienna, which received \$16,000, then dropped out of the group, she said.\comm{Does not mention the fact that the other newspapers carried the supplements for the second year without financial support. In doing so, the papers in developing countries were making quite a sacrifice as their newsprint is expensive, in short supply, and imported.}
+
+Now Mr. Sasakawa's gift is exhausted, so Mr. Schwoebel has asked the United Nations to appeal to the General Assembly for \$200,000 to attract more money.  Opposition from the United States, Britain and other nations is regarded by United Nations officials as certain to kill this plan. 
+
+Mr. Schwoebel has said that three oil countries, Algeria, Venezuela and Kuwait, might replenish the fund, which would raise fresh questions:of influence, Mr. Akashi, the United Nations information chief, said, however, that he would not hesitate to administer money from such governments.\comm{\dq{Such} governments conjure up all the sinister images the press here has succeeded in attaching to OPEC countries.}
+
+The other papers in the project and the subsidies they received were \journaltitle{La Stampa,} Turin, Italy, \$40,000; \journaltitle{El Pais,} Madrid, \$24,000; \journaltitle{Politika,} Belgrade, Yugoslavia, \$37,000; \journaltitle{Zycie Warszawy,} Warsaw, \$40,000; \journaltitle{Magyar Nemzet,} Budapest, Hungary, \$24,000; \journaltitle{El Moudjahid,} Algiers, \$24,000; \journaltitle{Le Soleil,} Dakar, Senegal, \$16,000; \journaltitle{Excélsior,} Mexico, \$24,000; \journaltitle{Indian Express,} New Delhi, \$40,000; \journaltitle{Kayhan Newspapers,}\comm{Young Bernie was told the Kayhan did not participate although it was willing to. Its inclusion here is for obvious jingoistic reasons.} Teheran, Iran, \$16,000; \journaltitle{Darn,} Karachi, \$16,000.}
+
+\break
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/geopolitics.review.otx b/geopolitics.review.otx
index 49c3c8a..9c3568e 100644
--- a/geopolitics.review.otx
+++ b/geopolitics.review.otx
@@ -1,73 +1,57 @@
-\chap Book Review: \booktitle{The Geopolitics of Information}
-
-Anthony Smith
-Oxford University Press
-
-B. P M¢non
-
-Echo: reansmutter-recesver stations. (Bell Labs).
-
-President Kennedy signing legislation to establish globe-circling
-system of communscation satellites (August 31, 1962). Left 1o
-;‘%ht: Congressman Oren Harris (D-Ark.), Senator Warren G.
-agnusan (D-Wash.), Senator Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.),
-Senator Richard Russel (D-Ga.), Senator Hubert Humphrey
-(D-Minn.), Joseph Beirne, President, Communication Workers of
-America, Congressman William L. Springer (R-IIL), Senator John
-0, Pastore (D-R.1.), unidentified, and FCC Chairman Newton
-N. Minow. (Bell Labs).
-
-12?7
-
-PI-l:.c first inkhing Lever had ot the geopoliucs of mformaton
-came when [ was six years old, in the “first standard™ at Miss
-B. Hartley's school in Calcutta. OQur textbook for geography,
-a lefrover from the then recently extnguished British Raj,
-described “hill stations™ as “places where white people go
-dunng the hot surnmer months.™ Miss Graham., our teacher, a
-leathery grey-haired white woman (whether Anglo-Indian or
-not was a matter of speculavion), had us underline all the
-important defimuons in the book. When she came to “hill
-stations” she bowed to the realities of independent India and
-had us underhne the sentence with the exception of the word
-“white.” The underlined definition read “hill stanons are
-places where people go during the hot summer months.” |
-thought nothing of this definition till my mother chanced
-upon it while supervising my homework. 1 heard her snort.
-She muttered something under her breath, reached for my
-pencil, and obliterated the entire sentence from the page.
-
-As far as [ can see, the call for a New World Information
-and Communicauon Order, for which UNESCO is regularly
-criticized in the Western press, is based on sentiments stmilar
-to those of my mother—a desire on the part of the leaders of
-the world’s poorer countries to protect their people from the
-subtle and not-so-subtle racial and cultural propaganda of the
-rich countries of Europe and North America. Most Western
-journalists, especially those who have taken an interest in the
-debate on this martter, will of course snort at my use of the
-word “propaganda.” For them it is but “free flow of informa-
-tion,” with good lads like themselves {(and increasing numbers
-of lasses) doing their objective best to report the world as it is.
-Artempts to discuss the imbalances in the flow of world news
-(with most of it going now from the rich countries to the
-poor), they see as a threat to the freedom of the press. And
-UNESCO, they think, “under the influence of communists
-and radical Third World governments™ is trying to “license”™
-journalists when it dares speak of acceptable standards. What
-most Western journalists fail to notice is thar such reactions
-provide the best example there is of the overtly propagandistic
-role of Western mass media. The popular fears and suspicions
-attached to the whole matter of the Third World's desire for
-change in the global order of things are not acadental. They
-have been deliberately fostered and are the defenses of an
-entrenched moral and economic value system. lris not hard to
-see that the fears raised by Western commentators on the
-martter of Third World demands for change are bogevs. They
-result either from a gross misunderstanding of facts or, in 2
-distressingly large number of cases, from deliberate distor-
-tions and lies. For the benefit of those inclined to dismiss this
-as (to use phrases I have heard in this regard) “wnreal,”
-“paranoid,” or “super-sensitive,” let me present here some
-concrete evidence, an annotated version of a “news story”
-thar appeared in The New York Times on 28 Junc.
+\chap Book Review {\caps\rm The Geopolitics of Information} (Anthony Smith, Oxford University Press)
+
+{\leftskip=0.25in\rightskip=0.25in\it\noindent
+B. P. Menon\par}
+
+\rulebreak
+
+The first inkling I ever had of the geopolitics of information came when I was six years old, in the \dq{first standard} at Miss B. Hartley's school in Calcutta. Our textbook for geography, a leftover from the then recently extinguished British Raj, described \dq{hill stations} as \dq{places where white people go during the hot summer months.} Miss Graham, our teacher, a leathery grey-haired white woman (whether Anglo-Indian or not was a matter of speculation), had us underline all the important definitions in the book. When she came to \dq{hill stations} she bowed to the realities of independent India and had us underline the sentence with the exception of the word \dq{white.} The underlined definition read \dq{hill stations are places where people go during the hot summer months.} I thought nothing of this definition till my mother chanced upon it while supervising my homework. I heard her snort.  She muttered something under her breath, reached for my pencil, and obliterated the entire sentence from the page. 
+
+As far as I can see, the call for a New World Information and Communication Order, for which UNESCO is regularly criticized in the Western press, is based on sentiments similar to those of my mother---a desire on the part of the leaders of the world's poorer countries to protect their people from the subtle and not-so-subtle racial and cultural propaganda of the rich countries of Europe and North America. Most Western journalists, especially those who have taken an interest in the debate on this matter, will of course snort at my use of the word \dq{propaganda.} For them it is but \dq{free flow of information,} with good lads like themselves (and increasing numbers of lasses) doing their objective best to report the world as it is.  Attempts to discuss the imbalances in the flow of world news (with most of it going now from the rich countries to the poor), they see as a threat to the freedom of the press. And UNESCO, they think, \dq{under the influence of communists and radical Third World governments} is trying to \dq{license} journalists when it dares speak of acceptable standards. What most Western journalists fail to notice is that such reactions provide the best example there is of the overtly propagandistic role of Western mass media. The popular fears and suspicions attached to the whole matter of the Third World's desire for change in the global order of things are not accidental. They have been deliberately fostered and are the defenses of an entrenched moral and economic value system. It is not hard to see that the fears raised by Western commentators on the matter of Third World demands for change are bogeys. They result either from a gross misunderstanding of facts or, in a distressingly large number of cases, from deliberate distortions and lies. For the benefit of those inclined to dismiss this as (to use phrases I have heard in this regard) \dq{unreal,} \dq{paranoid,} or \dq{super-sensitive,} let me present here some concrete evidence, an annotated version of a \dq{news story} that appeared in The New York Times on 28 June. 
+
+\INSecho
+
+
+\input geopolitics.review.news.otx
+
+\INSpeters
+\INSnsdiag
+
+\INSearlybird
+
+After this story appeared on page one of \journaltitle{The New York Times}, it was picked up by the major wire services and distributed worldwide. \journaltitle{Newsweek} did a story titled "the U.N.  Buys Some Good News" (though even a cursory examination of the international supplements would have shown that nearly all the news was bad). \journaltitle{The London Times} and the \journaltitle{Guardian}, also in London, carried the Reuters version of \journaltitle{The New York Times} story without any effort to verify its accuracy. Newspapers in developing countries gave only muted attention to the story but they did seem to accept as true the allegations made.  Though the papers participating in the World Newspaper supplement project were aware of the facts and reacted with appropriate indignation, the damage to the U.N.---and to the Third World---in the eyes of world public opinion, was considerable. 
+
+To those of my readers who are at this point shaking their heads and preparing to dismiss me as yet another communist-inspired Third World radical, let me hasten to introduce the excellent book by Anthony Smith, \booktitle{The Geopolitics of Information}. Its subtitle is \e{How Western Culture Dominates the World.} Anthony Smith is director of the British Film Institute in London, a veteran of BBC radio and television, author of several books on broadcast and print journalism. An eminently \e{Un-Third World Non-Communist} personage by any standards. 
+
+\INStelearth
+
+\INStelcape
+
+The book is a short one: 192 pages. But it is well researched, clearly written, and honestly argued. If you want a clear grasp of the current debate on world information this book is essential. It covers the ground from the \dq{Old International Information Order} to \dq{Cultural Dependence,} to \dq{News Imperialism} and \dq{A New International Electronic Order.} It ends with a chapter that asks the question: \dq{Double Standards of Freedom?} 
+
+To commend the book, however, is not to agree with all its conclusions. Anthony Smith \e{sees} the Third World point of view; he does not by any means agree with or represent it. He sees, for example, as did UNESCO's MacBride Commission, that the current debate over information is not entirely centered on differences over Western traditions of a free press. As the MacBride Commission puts it, and as Smith quotes: \dq{Many people have come to realize that sovereignty, identity and independence result not only from formal political decisions but are also, and perhaps even more, contingent upon the conditions of cultural and economic life\ld\ in short, upon circumstances which affect, in an increasingly interlocking fashion, the overall development of each and every nation.} 
+
+\INStelmaine
+
+\INScapitol
+
+\INSapollo
+
+Smith argues that \dq{the existing information order of the world is a product of and has itself extended the historical relationship between the \sq{active} and the \sq{passive} civilizations, the seeing and the seen, imperial and empire, exploring and explored. The prosperous nations of the North have not come to terms with the fact that they are now being obliged to be themselves \sq{observed} as the relative political status of the great power blocs is beginning to change. They are insisting upon their cultural prowess, even where their economic and political power has diminished.} But will there be a more balanced flow of news in the future? No, says Smith: \dq{There is no chance that the Third World will generate a large volume of independently sold and internationally acceptable information about itself until more developing nations establish the principle of a free press which, again, is unlikely\ld} 
+
+This raises the question of what a free press is: free from what, or whom? In rich Western countries the answer is obvious: free from the apparatus of government. But this is possible only because the media have the support---and are in fact largely funded by---private commerical interests. In most developing countries this option does not exist, for the simple reason that the private commercial sector is either 
+\begitems\style a
+* largely foreign owned, 
+* rigorously controlled by the government and utterly beholden to it, or 
+* non-existent.
+\enditems
+Also, in the post-colonial situation of many poor countries, the governments include the champions of the popular interest while businessmen---including private publishers of newspapers---have, to put it kindly, mixed loyalties. This is one reason why we find certain clown-like figures from the Third World attend- ing the parleys of Western newspaper publishers and adding their names to declarations that go against the interests of their own countries and people. 
+
+\INStelbrit
+
+Even among journalists (usually people at the fine cutting edge of change), it takes time for colonial attitudes to pass. In India, for instance it took a change in generation before the perspective of the establishment press became \dq{un-colonial.} (A perfect example of the colonial mentality of the older generation of editors in India was the black-bordered full-page stories published on the death of Winston Churchill, as old and steadfast an enemy of India as there ever was.) 
+
+The larger point which Smith makes about the importance of a free press in the Third World is, of course, a valid one.  Poor countries can for entirely understandable reasons opt for local control, but the politicians and bureaucrats in charge are then incapable of journalism. They succeed only in boring people with the official view, of creating a thriving market for rumor and distrust among their own population. And of course, they fail too in altering global news flows. But we in the Third World must ask what is the alternative. Leave ourselves open to the tender mercies of Western journalism and monopolies? No thanks. 
+
+\INSechotwo
+\INSkennedy
\ No newline at end of file
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index 0000000..2c84ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/telstar_brittany.png
diff --git a/img/telstar_cape.png b/img/telstar_cape.png
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..522d645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/telstar_cape.png
diff --git a/img/telstar_earth.png b/img/telstar_earth.png
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d15cf82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/telstar_earth.png
diff --git a/img/telstar_maine.png b/img/telstar_maine.png
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c1181ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/telstar_maine.png
diff --git a/inserts.otx b/inserts.otx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8df12f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inserts.otx
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+\def\INSecho{\midinsert
+\centerline{\picw=3in\inspic{echo.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Echo:} transmitter-receiver stations. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INSkennedy{\midinsert
+\centerline{\picw=3in\inspic{kennedy.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f President Kennedy signing legislation to establish globe-circling system of communication satellites (August 31, 1962). Left to right: Congressman Oren Harris (D-Ark.), Senator Warren G.  Magnusan (D-Wash.), Senator Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.), Senator Richard Russel (D-Ga.), Senator Hubert Humphrey (D-Minn.), Joseph Beirne, (President, Communication Workers of America), Congressman William L. Springer (R-Ill.), Senator John O. Pastore (D-R.I.), unidentified, and FCC Chairman Newton N. Minow. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INSpeters{\midinsert
+
+Peters projection 
+
+\inspic{peters.png}
+\cskip
+\caption/f This map is based on Peters Projection rathe: than the more familiar Mercator Projection.  It represents the more densely settled zones of the earth in better proportion to each other than does the Mercator Projection, and is thus considered an important step away from Eurocentric concepts of geography and culture. 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INSnsdiag{\midinsert
+{\typoscale[1200/] What is the North-South dialogue?}
+
+The demand for the New International Economic Order originated from a group of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. They form the \dq{South} of the world in relation to the developed countries of Europe and North America. The discussion of global economic change between the rich and the poor has thus been dubbed the \dq{North-South} dialogue, although the geographical south does include such developed countries as Japan and Australia. Also, the socialist countries of Eastern Europe object to being lumped with market economy countries in the \dq{North}, but the phrase has been too convenient to fall into disuse. In the years since the call for a new world order the dialogue has settled into negotiations on a number of subjects and it would be more correct today to speak of North-South \e{negotiations} rather than of dialogue.
+
+When the United Nations General Assembly called for the New International Economic Order it did so by consensus. But this consensus hid serious differences between the developing country group and several of the richest countries. In essence, their differences turned on the issue of whether the existing order of the world economy could be reformed or whether it needed to be structurally changed. Developed countries which had benefited most from the post-war economic system were loath to support basic changes. Developing countries, many of whom had not participated in the creation of this system and few of whom had benefited from it, saw no reason why a new order should not be negotiated from the basics. 
+
+Since 1974 the dialogue and the negotiations between the developed and developing countries have been almost continuous. In a number of forums they have dealt with all the major issues involved in changing the world's economy. This includes trade, money, food, industry, science and technology, transport and communication. 
+
+The process has involved governments in major world conferences. It has brought countless panels of experts to study specific aspects of the subject. It has involved reports from eminent commissions such as those led by Willy Brandt of the Federal Republic of Germany and Sean McBride of Ireland. Non-governmental organizations have participated, as have journalists in influential sections of the media. 
+
+In the closing years of the 1970s there was general recognition that North-South negotiations were in the doldrums. Important advances in several areas had been made, as described in the following pages, but the urgent and comprehensive action necessary to deal with a range of serious problems had not been taken. In 1979 two important conferences---the fifth United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD V) in Manila and the third General Conference of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO III) in New Delhi---were both disappointing in their results. The Tokyo Round of trade liberalization talks, which had as a primary aim the benefit of developing countries, also ended in 1979 with the bitter refusal of developing countries to sign the final protocols. 
+
+\e{from \booktitle{Towards A World Economy That Works} (United Nations, New York, 1980).}
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INSearlybird{\midinsert
+\centerline{\inspic{earlybird.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Early Bird}: first commercial communications satellite underwent tests at Hughes Aircraft Company before it was shipped to Cape Kennedy for launching. Satellite is raised skyward on long boom on radio frequency range to test antenna. Built for the Communications Satellite Corporation, Early Bird weighs about 85 pounds after placement in synchronous orbit of 22,300 miles above earth. Positioned over the Atlantic, it provides 240 two-way telephone channels or two-way TV between Europe and North America. Satellite is also capable of carrying teletype, facsimile and high-speed data. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INStelearth{\midinsert
+\inspic{telstar_earth.png}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Telstar I} (Earth Station) Goonhilly Downs, Cornwall, England. 85-foot paraboloid mounted on concrete azimuth. Structure turns on large ball bearings and is turned by bicycle chain, Two concrete \sq{A} sections hold elevation structure and steel dish. (Bell Labs).
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INStelcape{\midinsert
+\inspic{telstar_cape.png}
+\caption/f \e{Telstar I:} At Cape Canaveral Bell Labs engineer sights through a telescope attached to radar antenna at the Delta rocket carrying \e{Telstar} satellite into orbit. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INStelmaine{\midinsert
+\centerline{\inspic{telstar_maine.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Telstar I} (Earth Station), Andover, Maine: construction of 177 foot long reflector antenna used in satellite began with launching of \e{Telstar}in spring of 1863 (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INScapitol{\midinsert
+\centerline{\inspic{capitol.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f In sight of Capitol building, Washington, D.C. technicians com- plete link in continent and ocean-spanning telecommunications network. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INSapollo{
+\midinsert
+\centerline{\inspic{apollo.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Project Apollo.} Live satellite transmission. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+\def\INStelbrit{\midinsert
+\centerline{\inspic{telstar_brittany.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Telstar I} (Earth Station), Pleumeur, Brittany, France. Ground station built by French National Center of Telecommunications Studies. Radome looms over countryside. (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
+
+
+\def\INSechotwo{\midinsert
+\centerline{\inspic{echo2.png}}
+\cskip
+\caption/f \e{Echo} (Bell Labs). 
+\endinsert}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/planet.otx b/planet.otx
index 89c38f4..651d7d8 100644
--- a/planet.otx
+++ b/planet.otx
@@ -396,9 +396,9 @@ The teleconference seems to possess all the seeds for an authentically new speci
 \enditems
 
 \midinsert
-\centerline{\picw=1.25in\inspic{vocal1.png} \picw=1.25in\inspic{vocal2.png}}
+\centerline{\picw=1.5in\inspic{vocal1.png} \picw=1.5in\inspic{vocal2.png}}
 
-\centerline{\picw=1.25in\inspic{vocal3.png} \picw=1.25in\inspic{vocal4.png}}
+\centerline{\picw=1.5in\inspic{vocal3.png} \picw=1.5in\inspic{vocal4.png}}
 
 \cskip
 \caption/f One cycle of vocal cord movement at low frequency.
diff --git a/planet_eies.otx b/planet_eies.otx
index 5da9cca..a1af311 100644
--- a/planet_eies.otx
+++ b/planet_eies.otx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 \input sal.otx
 \input aux.otx
+\input inserts.otx
 
 \novellalayout
 
@@ -81,13 +82,18 @@ Steven Poser --- writer
 \maketoc
 
 \input preface.otx 
+
+\part Teleconferencing, Computers and Art
+
 \input database_knowledgebase.otx
 \input discourse_teleconferencing.otx
 \input planet.otx
 \input eies.otx
 
+\part Additional Materials
 
-%\input{neumann_weiner_review.otx}
+\input{neumann_weiner_review.otx}
 \input subnature.otx
-%\input{implosion.otx}
+\input geopolitics.review.otx
+
 \bye
diff --git a/preface.otx b/preface.otx
index eee660a..34bfcf3 100644
--- a/preface.otx
+++ b/preface.otx
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 I have been dreading writing a preface for this, worried about my ability to remain emotionally composed while talking about what this is and why I'm reprinting it. Yet, I feel like I could provide too much assistance to understanding these artifacts to be able to comfortably abdicate this responsibility. Let me focus on relaying some objective matters, and try to save the hysterical meltdown for the end. 
 
+\vskip 1em 
+
 \Q{On a more sinister level, the security of the entire world now rests on the controls of the just such systems, and isn't it time we explored the outer limits of this for its impact effect on communication? Such systems are integral to all security systems at the military level, and even this terminal you are all using has more sophistication than I think some of you realize, e.g., for manipulating more complex programs in larger computers ranging in use from banking to missiles.}
 \Qs{Brendan O'Regan}
 
+\vskip 1em 
+
 These conferences occurred on the first global chat systems, on ARPANET. Our first figure of cultural interest was involved in the design of these systems: Jacques Vallée. Google, the sickening fuckers, credit him as being a computer scientist and venture capitalist (and, perhaps most impressively, misspell his name), despite the fact that I imagine he's most well-known as an UFOlogist to those reading this. 
 
 The transcripts themselves are dominated by Frank Gillette and Brendan O'Regan, two figures who couldn't possibly be more of-their-time. Let me introduce them.
diff --git a/subnature.otx b/subnature.otx
index 5ecc262..661a91c 100644
--- a/subnature.otx
+++ b/subnature.otx
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Sampling. Prepared for the National Science Foundation by the University of Cali
 
 \sec\nl
 
-Since the 17\textsuperscript{th} century, modern science has seemed confident that the human species is independent from organic nature.%
+\label[schroyer]\wlabel{Since the} 17\textsuperscript{th} century, modern science has seemed confident that the human species is independent from organic nature.%
 \fnote{In \booktitle{The Phenomenon of Life: Toward a Philosophical Biology} (N.Y., Harper, 1966), Hans Jonas has argued that we moderns live under the perspective of pan-mechanism in which the very existence of life has become the inexplicable phenomenon. The worlds of archaic humanity had the opposite problem. Living within world-views of pananimism (or vitalism), the inexplicable problem---in the sense of existential paradox---was death. In this sense pre-modern societies culturally constituted death as part of human existence. In modern cultures we have viewed organic life under the same cognitive forms that we used to understand inorganic matter-energy relations in space and time.} 
 Universal knowledge of inorganic structures provides an ever refined system of techniques that (supposedly) separates us from nature in an irreversible manner. Socio-technical evolution step by step transforms all in-built human capabilities in a cycle of technical learning that creates tools that are reinforced till they become machines and are finally replaced by automatic systems. This behavioral cycle of feedback-guided learning is an artificial world construction process that is unconsciously determined by the human need for security and safety.%
 \fnote{Hence human existence is predicated on this fear and terror of nature.