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diff --git a/timeforms.otx b/timeforms.otx index b63ccaa..30ea3f9 100644 --- a/timeforms.otx +++ b/timeforms.otx @@ -467,10 +467,6 @@ sometimes helps. Finally, I wrote these words in joy, which I would like to share. -XVI - - -TimeEForms 1 LSD SUBCULTURES: ACIDOXY VERSUS ORTHODOXY @@ -510,7 +506,6 @@ saner than going to war or programming computers. They regard the "trip" as a unique experience, communes as better than -2 TimeForms traditional family life, and look forward to the replacement of @@ -554,7 +549,6 @@ exclusion of our principal concerns. If we could comfortably Ross Speck and Carolyn Attneave, New York, Pantheon, 1973. -TimEForms 3 squeeze a question in, we did. If we couldn't, we didn't. Our @@ -607,7 +601,6 @@ therapeutic process. It is additionally necessary to distinguish the self-admini professionally administered trip, since they may differ markedly. -4 TimeForMs hours available. The acid-inexperienced therapist usually doesn't @@ -650,7 +643,6 @@ the experience as fitting in neatly with psychoanalytic paradigms, so that, in their view, LSD should not be regarded simply either as -TimeForms 5 a defense dissolver or as an ego builder, because such views are @@ -693,7 +685,6 @@ investigators are not researching the acid scene, Dr. Dahlberg at the William Alanson White Institute in New York is among those -6 TimeForMs highly regarded, although he is seen as cautious in both method @@ -735,7 +726,6 @@ bucolic emigration for those who are is becoming increasingly attractive. -TimeForms 7 RELEVANT EXPERIENCE @@ -778,7 +768,6 @@ experience under LSD. Our respondents told us that there were three ways in which LSD "heightened" the sexual experience: 1) It dissolves defensiveness and anxiety, thus enabling one -8 TimeForms to enter fully into the experience. 2) It extends the sensations @@ -822,7 +811,6 @@ commune, did she also function as a group sex partner? If so, what about incest taboos, and if not, why not? We were told that roles -TIMEForRMS 9 were frequently reallocated within communes, so thdt this month's @@ -865,7 +853,6 @@ RELIGION We have already alluded to William James' masterpiece, The -10 TimeForms Varities of Religious Experience. Masters and Huston have written @@ -892,7 +879,7 @@ experiences were not commonly described by our respondents in theistic terms should thus not be surprising. -We were interested in the extent to which acid serves as 4 +We were interested in the extent to which acid serves as a ritual initiation into a subculture, having investigated this hypothesis in the narcotic scene.® In the present study, we wanted to know whether the "profound" nature of the LSD experience might serve as a ritual initiation into what may legitimately be termed a @@ -906,7 +893,6 @@ Feurbachian proletariat?) said that what was once called religion is least defensively given, and found no reason to doubt its veracity. -TimMEForms. 11 As with narcotics, acid users almost instantly strike up a @@ -949,7 +935,6 @@ of miracles, It may not be unlikely that in the near future the drug *I am indebted'to Prof. H. Silverstein for this phrase. -12 TimeFormMs aspects of this ideology will be abandoned (the experience of the @@ -978,7 +963,6 @@ ultimacy in mind-changing chemicals deserve neither to be "treated" nor to be subjected to "criminal" processes. -TimeForms 13 GROOVIN' ON TIME: Fragments of a Sociology of the Psychedelic @@ -1016,7 +1000,6 @@ potential of paranoid reaction in the observational field. These and other qualities of the technique of participant observation make it a -14. TrmelormMs particularly useful method for one who chooses to focus his @@ -1058,7 +1041,6 @@ and outcomes of the psychedelic experience, as in the paragraphs that follow. -TimEForms 15 HISTORY AS INQUIRY @@ -1103,7 +1085,6 @@ drugs for specific experiences at specific times and places became the rule, rather than the exception. The drug scene,' like that of its -16 TimeForms parents', produced connoisseurs conversant with a variety of drugs @@ -1147,7 +1128,6 @@ drug use was ipso facto criminal. In short, the young were told that a major norm of their subculture was either sick or wrong, although no -TIMEForMs' 17 one could dispute their right to a subculture without vitiating his @@ -1189,7 +1169,6 @@ now in virtually all quarters --- why indeed were so many young people using so many drugs in so many ways? -18 TimeForms SOCIOGENESIS @@ -1228,7 +1207,6 @@ understanding. "sponsored by Jewish Family Service of New York -TimMEForms 19 Rap session participants at the Village Project were uniformly @@ -1269,7 +1247,6 @@ you know how, acid (LSD) is a powerful yet pleasant toy. 2) Cybernation: contemporary society has the power to communicate vast amounts of information almost instantly. Just as the first -20 TimeFormMs generation of mass media (linear print and film) fostered mass @@ -1312,7 +1289,6 @@ particularly in need of replacement, i.e., war and education. Wars, it is said, are fought for the preservation of territoriality, which no longer -TiMEForms 21 matters in an age of planetary communication, by people who have @@ -1356,7 +1332,6 @@ Every culture selects from the range of human potentials, and molds the organisms that are its raw stuff in its own image. And -22 TimeForms every, culture, by its agreement that some values and behaviors are @@ -1402,7 +1377,6 @@ they diagnose the injustices of their condition, and then seek to change it. They attempt to change the world as they find it into the -TimEForms 23 world they want it to be, by their work. When, by their work, they @@ -1446,7 +1420,6 @@ its full impact, and, within that time, Marcuse saw processes take their toll in less than a generation. A recent N.Y. Times article (in the -24 'Timelorms business section) described third and fourth generation computers, @@ -1493,7 +1466,6 @@ those who do not know what tripping is, who hurl the epithet --- bioelectrics. -TimeForms 25 "hedonism", as if that, finally, was that. Other epithets are @@ -1537,7 +1509,6 @@ I have alluded to but two of the time changing properties of the trip --- the ability to appreciate changes in rates of change, and the -26 TimEForMs ability to dwell on detail. If they seem contradictory, perhaps a bit @@ -1581,7 +1552,6 @@ can directly experience a world in which cybernetic automation makes scarcity an obsolete concept, they begin to inhabit another -TimEForms 27 whole realm, the dimension of time, which Einstein brought to earth @@ -1623,11 +1593,10 @@ consciousness. It is clear that this is no small undertaking --- that the risks are terrible, that the likelihood of tragic mistakes is high, that there will -be fatalities and large numbers of casualties. | fervently wish that +be fatalities and large numbers of casualties. I fervently wish that they were unnecessary and aim my work to prevent as many as -28 TimeFormMs possible, and to assist in the healing of those we fail to prevent. For @@ -1644,7 +1613,6 @@ be engaged in founding a new form of temporal consciousness, which I call "groovin' on time." -TimeForms 29 TIME, PATHOS, AND SYNCHRONY: Accelerating Alienation @@ -1684,7 +1652,6 @@ In our view, bum trips, schizophrenic episodes, and other "hang ups" are called "alienated" because, in an environment which -30 TrmeForMsS changes faster than we can comprehend it, we become addicted to @@ -1729,7 +1696,6 @@ practitioners of post-New Left politics. Clinics opened with the aim of offering relief to those "damaged" by their drug-induced -TimeForms 31 adventures quickly discover that there are at least two kinds of acid @@ -1777,7 +1743,6 @@ the strobe light behind the Beatles film "The Yellow Submarine" helps enjoy it if you're high on pot. -32 TirmeFormMs Young clinical psychologists who protest they haven't learned @@ -1826,7 +1791,6 @@ change in the rate of change tliey are used to, although, to use an algebraic metaphor, they are oppositely signed. -TimMEForms 33 But calling one change "positive" and the converse "negative" @@ -1867,7 +1831,6 @@ rate norms against another. The generations are quickly growing further apart. -34 TimeFOoRMS Mathematicians and astronauts are accustomed to calculate such @@ -1910,7 +1873,6 @@ processing information, has vastly increased the rate at which 'information and feedback change the environment. We must thank -TimeForms 35 McLuhan for reminding us that we are in a very different world from @@ -1955,7 +1917,6 @@ succession, are deliberately enjoyed for their own sake. Heads who manage to trip successfully and without discernible damage are -36 TimeForMs perfectly comfortable with shifting rates of joy.' Indeed the more @@ -1998,7 +1959,6 @@ it just may be that there are other kinds of time if we but knew how to look for them. -TimEForms' 37 But, whatever the physicists find, theoretical and clinical @@ -2042,7 +2002,6 @@ fast and furious that we must become specialists in order to manage ever smaller quadrants of daily life, the situation is almost totally -38 TimeForMs different. Marx described an industrial revolution that took a @@ -2073,7 +2032,7 @@ waking consciousness differs from our dreams. One of these regions, I hold, is filled with that kind of time heads call "high," a region which consists of the generalizations of -our more banal experiences of duration, velocity, and acceleration. | +our more banal experiences of duration, velocity, and acceleration. I think we have become aware of it recently, because the number and kinds of change-experiences thrust on us by our hurtling cybernetic environment --- has made obsolete our usual method of making @@ -2081,7 +2040,6 @@ generalizations, that is, of recognizing our world in traditional spatial categories. -TimeForms 39 This view gives us the basis of an answer to our central inquiry @@ -2123,7 +2081,6 @@ that double-bound (schizophrenic) persons are those told simultaneously to remem the same time to deny validity to the experience of that class. In -40 TimeForms other words, the bind prohibits the experience of generalization @@ -2165,7 +2122,6 @@ the one hand, they are not baffled by a bum trip (e.g. a temporarily stalled dialectic---a 'thang up') and why, on the other hand, -TimeForms 41 somebody bumtripping prefers an experienced head to a therapist @@ -2205,7 +2161,6 @@ beyond our present mastery, may with some justice regard the strait world as alienated from the kind of post-cultural world we shall all -42 TimeFormMs soon inhabit if current technology continues to accelerate its rate of @@ -2248,7 +2203,6 @@ The same condition, in which one rate of experience is in conflict with another, characterizes the so-called generation gap, -TimEForms 43 which, at the moment, comes on like a piper cub and a rocket going @@ -2292,7 +2246,6 @@ The urgency of attaining a post-cultural era is not lost on the young, who know, perhaps better than those well socialized in the -44 TrmeFormMs forties, that if we are to survive the seventies, we must immediately @@ -2301,7 +2254,6 @@ of bitter irony that we call those engaged in that adventure "alienated youth." -TimeForms 45 THE COMING SYNTHESIS: CHRONETICS AND CYBERNATION @@ -2341,7 +2293,6 @@ understand the relation between the age of computers and the age of acid requires us to attempt some sort of predictive navigation, lest -46 TimEeForMsS that feeling of racing blindfolded along the river of change quickly @@ -2385,7 +2336,6 @@ in the first 50 years of the 20th century than there had been in the say that there has been more social change in the last decade than -TimeForms 47 there was in the previous five, notwithstanding the rapid invention @@ -2428,7 +2378,6 @@ children of cybernation found the industrial liberalism of their parents untenable. -48 'TimeForms Parents were at a loss to understand the phenomenon behavioral @@ -2471,7 +2420,6 @@ drugs to its nightclubs. Negation was the watchword,® by which they meant living in deliberate alienation from the principal institutions of -TimEForms 49 society, quietly, painfully, being "cool", exploring their "heads," @@ -2515,7 +2463,6 @@ people under 25 who will populate the U.S. seventies, even if a thousand more newspapers, films, and records were to find their way -50 TreForms into the sun. For these are only negative institutions, known to be @@ -2559,7 +2506,6 @@ cybernetic forms of control that now program them. Conservative estimates tally 5 million vt sets now privately owned.!° If it doubles -TimeForms 51 every year, as tv did, we shall Have 160 million vt sets in private @@ -2602,7 +2548,6 @@ whose special properties enable it to carry energy and information far more effectively than wires ever could. -52 TimeForms Recent laser applications include drilling holes only 1 micron @@ -2647,7 +2592,6 @@ radio. But such McCluhanesque advantages pale in the face of recent evidence that the nervous system of man seems to follow principles -TimEForms 53 very similar to laser holography, such that information (memory, @@ -2691,7 +2635,6 @@ powered earth's revolution. accessible research facility because anyone well enough to do -54 'TimeEForMs research has one. Anyone with a few cheap biomonitoring devices @@ -2732,7 +2675,6 @@ waves of gravity are studied with a view toward liberating man from their grasp; or tachyonics, in which theories of particles which only -TimreForms 55 exist at faster than light velocities bid fair to generalize not only the @@ -2776,7 +2718,6 @@ media power know how to use it. The principle is simple --- feedback. Like those tiny Japanese wrestlers who turn an opponent's superior -56 TimeForMs strength against him, Yippies forced the media, by making news, to @@ -2816,7 +2757,6 @@ more patterns cognized means more patterns re-cognized. Recognition facilitates criticism generates pressure for change. -TrimEFormMs' 57 Another way of understanding the impact of technologically @@ -2860,7 +2800,6 @@ it hard to restrict tv access and will be unable to maintain secret court hearings while demanding increased citizen participation. -58 TrmeFormMs Similarly, lasers and holographs will bring to billions of people @@ -2903,7 +2842,6 @@ them bums, parasites, and loafers, arrest them for vagrancy, then automate another thousand jobs and fly off to Acapulco. -TimEForms 59 They: turn on with drugs different from ours. We resurrect @@ -2948,7 +2886,6 @@ use of it. Social change, in my view, occurs exactly then --- when an idea finds its fertile time. Knowing when and why the time is -60 'TrmEForRMS right --- or better, knowing how to make it right --- would enable one @@ -2993,7 +2930,6 @@ men. My attempt has been to show that this is very unlikely. One thing is certain --- the time is right, and they know it. -TimeForms 61 PSYCHEDELIC MYTHS, METAPHORS, AND FANTASIES @@ -3032,7 +2968,6 @@ of inquiry is of such known complexity that the complexity itself becomes the subject of inquiry. -62 TrmeForms For example, clinicians and social scientists whose interests @@ -3073,7 +3008,6 @@ impact of the changing technologies characteristic of contemporary societies. Specific hypotheses with regard to the impacts of particular -TimEForms 63 technologies on particular populations are then derived and tested @@ -3114,7 +3048,6 @@ technologies operating in contemporary society generate some of the myths, metaphors and fantasies characteristic of the subject population. -64 TimeForms SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE PSYCHEDELIC DIALECT @@ -3160,7 +3093,6 @@ experience is particularly groovy, but not quite "mind blowing". People who don't know how to "groove" are said to be a "drag" -TimEForms' 65 (i.e., they reduce one's joy). Drags tend to "bring down' or "turn @@ -3203,7 +3135,6 @@ can then feel "good vibrations" and 'know where it is really at". Such people used to be called 'with it"; they now have their own -66 TrmeEForMS »"» ae "» ce @@ -3251,7 +3182,6 @@ commonplace for the great majority of Americans only in the last 25 years, when mass transportation became a technological reality. -TimEForMsS' 67 Again, as everyone knows, it is not simply the availability of @@ -3294,7 +3224,6 @@ information that fast calls forth a corresponding increase in the consciousness of the people who live in that era. As McLuhan says, -68 'TimMEForms the computer is the LSD of the business world' °. Turning the quote @@ -3336,7 +3265,6 @@ compendia of myths, metaphors and fantasies easily available is the Beatles' recently released book of illustrated lyrics. Although books -TimeEForms' 69 and print are regarded as hot media, suitable only for intellectuals @@ -3376,7 +3304,6 @@ discover in the language of one of our principal subcultures, reflections of those technologies which have most changed the world from a pre-industrial agrarian society into a post-industrial cyberna -70 TimeForMs ted one. In short, there should be words for the experiences @@ -3416,7 +3343,6 @@ the widespread adoption of the techniques of psychiatry in contemporary America. evaluation of contemporary American social sciences as spiteful -TimeForms 71 reaction formations, or are there grounds for concluding that their @@ -3459,7 +3385,6 @@ So it is with the psychedelic dialect, which is based on premises of which it seems unaware, just as psychiatric and social science are -72 TrmeForms based on premises of which they are largely unaware. And, just as it @@ -3498,7 +3423,6 @@ the psychedelic enthusiast, if not for his pathology, then certainly for his imprudence. Let us inquire how this situation came about. -TimEForms_ 73 ACHRONY @@ -3540,7 +3464,6 @@ time in history, our children must become our teachers.'® But even "and vice versa -74 TimeEForRMS that forecast seems optimistic, since there is no guarantee that we @@ -3585,7 +3508,6 @@ So that the citizens of psychedelia should receive no more glory than is rightfully theirs, we must recognize that their responsibilities -TimEForms 75 are as staggering as their "pathologies". 1 do not claim that they are @@ -3626,7 +3548,6 @@ making a rather unsubtle plea. I will make it explicit: Fellow scientists, in our confrontations with the long-haired, freaky-clothed -76 TiMEFoRMS members of the psychedelic generation, let us make particularly @@ -3637,7 +3558,6 @@ child before us. And let us try to remember that all men are like all others in some aspect if we but look deeply enough. -TimeForms 177 METARAP: WHO YOU ARE IS HOW YOU CHANGE @@ -3680,7 +3600,6 @@ of one electronically based, intercommunicating network, young people everywhere share a kind of experience that none of the elders -78 'TimeForms ever have had or will have. Conversely, the older generation will @@ -3730,7 +3649,6 @@ rock. Whew. Of course, we can't. Now world ecology has to be done, or no -TimeEForms 79 more man. Tempting as it might be to rest a while, we know we @@ -3773,7 +3691,7 @@ electronic laissez-faire either, man. 4. STILL OTHERS: I find it hard to get into your progress metaphors. They all seem -to ignore the terrible pain we're all in. | mean, how can you dream of +to ignore the terrible pain we're all in. I mean, how can you dream of rosy futures while Vietnam is tearing the skins off hundreds of thousands of young guys like us, while the pigs are practicing genocide on the panthers, while the trial is screaming that justice is @@ -3781,7 +3699,6 @@ only for the silent majority. Not to mention what they're doing to us. -80 TrmeForms My scene is to let it bleed. 1 don't wanna fix it. It's broke, man. @@ -3828,7 +3745,6 @@ wealth as imperialism, Communism, Maoism, what have you. Personally, I think the kids are gonna do it. I mean, kids all over the -TimEForms 81 planet are more like each other than they are national citizens, and I @@ -3874,7 +3790,6 @@ Abbie Hoffman. Uses the media like a stick ball bat. He knows about feedback, let me tell you. And his kids are not gonna take any -82 TimeEForMs nonsense from trans-national conglomerates or the Soviets or the @@ -3916,12 +3831,11 @@ matter. I'm asking whether the feedback theory of conciousness -provides any hope at all. If it's an after-the-fact mechanism, | don't +provides any hope at all. If it's an after-the-fact mechanism, I don't think it offers us any hope at all. More specifically, if you think all those kids out in those communes are doing anything more than -TimEForms 83 becoming conscious of their condition after they're in it, I'd like to @@ -3970,7 +3884,6 @@ locking them in, asking them to live in the post-industrial ecosphere with feedback loops still hooked into the old Newtonian mechanics. -84 TimeForms The point is, when electricity turned 'em on (by turning @@ -4011,7 +3924,6 @@ Maybe we're dinosaurs and maybe there's a new environment growing that we can't live in. -TrmeForms 85 But I don't think so. I think what's happening is that we're @@ -4056,7 +3968,6 @@ folklore, protest, etc. Electronic sounds are strangely beautiful, in their primitive way. Some of the abstract ballet is magnificent too. -86 'TimEForMS Critias: Art? @@ -4100,7 +4011,6 @@ families, etc. Some of them are going quite far, actually. Systems approaches, communication contexts, ecology. Beginning to see' that any level below can be programmed by the next -TimEForms 87 level up. Like the physicists. Too bad they don't talk to each @@ -4145,7 +4055,6 @@ process, be it space flight, planetary ecology, cultural integration, psychologi Critias: Have they begun temporal design? -88 TrmeForMSs Timaios: Not yet. But, as I say, they're beginning to rear their young @@ -4178,7 +4087,6 @@ Critias: And you want to hurry them. Let them cling like puppies.to the breasts of their cultures. They will be gone soon enough. -TimeForms 89 DRUGS AS CHRONETIC AGENTS @@ -4219,7 +4127,6 @@ which all investigators are confronted, no matter what their field, namely, to what extent is our ordinary experience a bias which -90 TimeFormMs blinds us. In other fields, say, geology, one may experiment with the @@ -4258,7 +4165,6 @@ paper, the investigations here reported must be regarded as preliminary, for it time may vary under certain conditions to establishing that there are -TimeForms 91 laws of time variation whose discernment the chroneticist properly @@ -4302,7 +4208,6 @@ eternity they seek. So do the makers of the 7,000 year old Sumerian tablets which instruct the religious novice in its preparation. -92 'TrImEForRMS Ups, on the other hand, have an entirely different set of @@ -4348,7 +4253,6 @@ the considerable consternation of their "straight" friends. They believe they understand things superbly well and deeply for the first -TimeForms 93 time and are very eager to share this new-found wisdom with anyone @@ -4390,7 +4294,6 @@ are simultaneously dissolved. It feels like a fuse has blown, so that too much current is flowing. (Hence, the expression "mind-blowing".) -94 TimeForMs It is exactly this experience of sensory overload, de-programming, and re-programming, that heads seck. Whether the insights and @@ -4429,7 +4332,6 @@ excellance the pain killer. It is a situation in which one might turn around Marx's classic phrase that religion is the opiate of the people. -TimeForms 95 Unfortunately, as the rate of alienation increases in the middle class, @@ -4472,7 +4374,6 @@ is the first generation for whom the experience of accelerating social change is the norm, and they know they have no choice but to thrive on it. Imagine their dismay when they are simultaneously com -96 TrmEForMS manded to thrive on change and do nothing to bring it about. Their @@ -4490,7 +4391,6 @@ generation might have a chance to become chronetic agents of an entirely new kind. -TimEFormMs 97 FREQUENCY AND FORM @@ -4530,7 +4430,6 @@ form of man's wish to evade the terror which would flood him were he to admit the Heraclitus vision that all is flux. The emotional form -98 TImMEFORMS of this saving illusion is hubris --- pride --- the myth of individual @@ -4575,7 +4474,6 @@ underload, outside certain limits, result in nothing. No experiences. No communication. -TimeForms 99 Hence, Fuller says, human "sensory equipment can tune @@ -4617,7 +4515,6 @@ reply might be "if you're unaware of the spectrum you're working in, you're working with unnecessary blinders." -100 TrmeEForMS To put the matter differently --- the larger the generalization, @@ -4660,7 +4557,6 @@ the accelerating process of which electronic software is only the current mode? By this I do not mean "how soon will the matter -TimeForms 101 transmitter be invented" or "will lunar language finally substitute @@ -4700,12 +4596,11 @@ deliberately joyously, freed of the fetters of national political (i.e. humanicidal --- ecocidal) idiocies. -More important, | think, is the work heretofore left to +More important, I think, is the work heretofore left to mathematicians, physicists, philosophers, psychiatrists, and other intellectuals --- that is --- identifying the waves and frequencies of -102 TimeForms which our experiences are the result, intuiting the laws which govern @@ -4754,7 +4649,6 @@ himself to the information pollution belching from commercial TV. What interests me about such experiments (which we occasionally do -TimeForms' 103 at the Center) is the experimental immersion in complex time pools @@ -4798,7 +4692,6 @@ do. Which is not, in the strict sense, a political, but rather a cultural-aesthetic task. -104. TimeForms The dilemma --- you can't have a revolution unless your head's @@ -4816,7 +4709,6 @@ move fast." METALOG -TimeForms) 107 ON SOCIAL TIME (II) @@ -4857,7 +4749,6 @@ A moment's reflection reveals that the physicist's concern with the velocity of light is similar, if not homological, to the social -108 TirmeForms scientist's concern for words and gestures, because, just as light is @@ -4901,7 +4792,6 @@ ALIENATION, ANOMIE, ANXIETY We shall elsewhere observe that Marx's alienation, Durkheim's -TimeForms 109 anomie, and Freud's anxiety have, in addition to their alliterative @@ -4944,7 +4834,6 @@ subject to increasingly complex social definition. As Marcuse° has aptly demonstrated, it is a situation in which increasing sublimation -110 TirmeForms calls for increasing repression. Or, to put the matter more prosaically, @@ -4990,7 +4879,6 @@ that sort of humanity he has prior to alienation, anomie, and anxiety, then perhaps we shall be able to state at least some of the -TimeForms 111 prolegomena to a sociological theory of human joy, as well as the @@ -5045,7 +4933,6 @@ part whole -112 TimeForms of atoms, a galaxy a (very large) number of stars and planets, a group @@ -5090,7 +4977,6 @@ instants and charting what happens at each instant. The sympathy between the particle view and the instant view becomes apparent -TimeForms 113 here, since at is a spatial referent. But where is an instant? @@ -5135,7 +5021,6 @@ These, in our view, are sage inquiries. We shall not affront our critic by calling him a reactionary who demands a crystal ball as the -114. TimeForms price of progress. How indeed shall we think processually? How shall @@ -5176,7 +5061,6 @@ we say "a short time," "a long time," in a myriad of ways, whether we call them seconds, days, months, years, light-years, or eons. It will -TimeForms 115 be perceived that these are reductionist since they employ a spatial @@ -5214,7 +5098,6 @@ caught in a self-contradictory scientific agnosticism, unless we choose another path. Such a path, we hold, comes into view when we focus -116 TimeForms on socially experienced time. We may then, if we choose, investigate @@ -5255,7 +5138,6 @@ with "too slow" or "too fast," that is, they employ linear time models. Are there others? -TimeForms' 117 ACHRONY, SYNCHRONY, AND SOCIAL PROCESS @@ -5302,7 +5184,6 @@ Thus, medieval thinkers were accustomed to turn their eyes "upward" to heaven and "downward" to hell, two forms of -118 TimEeFormMs eternity,)® the one blissful, the other horrendous. Law was said to @@ -5341,7 +5222,6 @@ behind time ahead of time below time -TimeForms 119 If we add one more dimension, designed to capture a @@ -5381,7 +5261,6 @@ hyperchronic catachronic -120 TimeForMs We are now ready to describe more fully what each of these terms @@ -5425,7 +5304,6 @@ prevent becoming an anachronism) by adopting a faster rate, which, unfortunately, he then feels is too fast for comfort (a metachron- -TimeEForms 121 ism). "Sometimes it takes all the running one can do just to stay in @@ -5468,7 +5346,6 @@ paces involved in group phases of development in their sequence and continuity." 3 -122 TimeForms The anachronic and metachronic orientations are, then, characteristic ways of experiencing dyssynchronous rates of experience. @@ -5510,7 +5387,6 @@ timeless realm where eternal order reigns. Paranoia (of one kind) serves as another. -TimeForms§ 123 Socially, we observe the epichronic stance in the application of @@ -5555,7 +5431,6 @@ slowly (if at all) that the feeling of being "down under" is almost instantly replaced by a feeling of "being high."?" Alternatively, the -124 TimeEForMS catachronic may sink into a self-defeating hedonism where every @@ -5598,7 +5473,6 @@ albeit crudely, 2. we have devised an experimental technique for their investigation, 3. they tantalize our theoretical appetite. -TimeForms 125 Certain questions which we cannot at present even ask @@ -5641,7 +5515,6 @@ There is nothing in the id that corresponds to the idea of time; there is no recognition of the passage of time, and --- a thing -126 TirmeForms that is most remarkable and awaits consideration in philosophical thought --- no alteration in its mental processes produced by @@ -5684,7 +5557,6 @@ anticipation of the inevitable end, present in every instant, introduces a repressive element into all libidinal -TimEForms 127 relations and renders pleasure itself painful. This primary @@ -5727,7 +5599,6 @@ the notion of time in the task of liberation. To Freud's relatively bourgeois program, Marcuse, a "left Freudian," adds the social-political dimension. But Freud and Marcuse are also united more in -128 TimeFormMs depicting the plight of the repressed, than in the definition of @@ -5772,7 +5643,6 @@ Nor may we expect promising fulfillment from the "genetic epistemologists," among whom we must of course name Piaget as the -TimeForms 129 most talented investigator. Piaget's work on the genesis of the @@ -5815,7 +5685,6 @@ heritage of Heidegger and Husserl, the psychoanalytic heritage of Freud and the new Freudians, and even to carry forward his own -130 TimeEForMs "existential manifesto." He does so by giving centrality to the notion @@ -5860,7 +5729,6 @@ shown*® that the epistemology of The Republic was replaced by the sociology of the Timaios, in which the pun on re-membering, to -TimeForms 131 which we alluded previously, receives Plato's customarily magnificent @@ -5906,7 +5774,6 @@ the forecast of another repetition. As long as the time of memory is construed as a linear time, events which succeed prior events cannot -132 TimeForms be novel; cannot be new; cannot hold the promise of genuine change. @@ -5949,7 +5816,6 @@ temporality which is at the same time the staunchest advocate of his post- and trans-temporal illusions, i.e., religion. -TrmEForms 133 It is not without bearing to note that the cobbler's attempt to @@ -5993,7 +5859,6 @@ demands power now no different than the gradualist, who counsels patience, even though both enlist their efforts in the same cause? -134. TimeForms We think not. Nor is the death of thousands of unknown @@ -6037,7 +5902,6 @@ repetition and transcendence (losing and gaining) becomes impossibly oppressive. temporality in our efforts to transform mere repetition, since -TimeForms 135 otherwise we leave behind the angry memory of mere repetition on @@ -6082,7 +5946,6 @@ whirling periphery of the gyroscope, as it were, nearer to the still centre within themselves.* -136 TimeForms We might pose a question here of the following sort: If the gyroscope @@ -6126,7 +5989,6 @@ must experience. They perceive, in short, that they are required to repeat forms of life which are outmoded, i.e., dead. -TimeForms 1387 In all of the illustrations presented above, we may observe the @@ -6167,7 +6029,6 @@ depicts the destruction of the sense of lived process. Synchrony --- contemporal transcendence. -138 TrmmeFormMs C. Synthesis: @@ -6208,12 +6069,11 @@ to do what must be done. With the utmost respect for the dignity with which Sartre has -assumed the burden of creating the critique of dialectical reason, | +assumed the burden of creating the critique of dialectical reason, I suggest that it will be necessary, if his critique is to enjoy theoretical viability, for him to include a critique of non-dialectical time. That -TimeForms 139 is, a hard and courageous attempt must be made to liberate ourselves @@ -6258,7 +6118,6 @@ VERTICAL TIME* ® But does "vertical time" exist? What do the phrases "the -140 TimeForms vertical dimension of time" and "vertical time" mean? The suggestion is that Westerners who can snuggle comfortably in the view that @@ -6299,7 +6158,6 @@ apperception of time, such that, when you have more time to enjoy what you're into, you enjoy it for a longer time.* ° -TimeForms 141 To put it another way --- if you experience your experience @@ -6341,7 +6199,6 @@ and, "at" other times, experience is so joyful that hours seem like minutes. -142 TimeForms What I am asking you to imagine, if you have not had a @@ -6384,7 +6241,6 @@ And heads devise environments in which a dozen movies, 2 dozen symphonies and a dozen Kaleidoscopic strobe lights barrage -TimeForms 143 their consciousness with sensations as awesome in number and kind @@ -6428,7 +6284,6 @@ itself characterized by differing rates of occurrence, such that clock time is only one specific form of experience? -144 TimeForms The hypothesis is attractive, since it helps to explain why some @@ -6473,7 +6328,6 @@ philosophy, which regards episodes of madness as prerequisite to the achievement of a "higher" synthesis. -TimEForms 145 In the instance of schizophrenia, our hypothesis suggests that @@ -6513,11 +6367,10 @@ speak of an "angry mob," we do not necessarily mean that each numerical individual feels anger. As Freud aptly demonstrated in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego,°® an angry mob may consist of a few angry men and a majority of decompensated -followers. Reductionism of type | looms as a danger here, because, in +followers. Reductionism of type I looms as a danger here, because, in our day, a feeling is said to be the property of an individual, not a -146 TimeForms quality of social entities. And yet we say that feelings motivate @@ -6559,7 +6412,6 @@ proceed at satisfactory or unsatisfactory rates simultaneously determine what we come to begin a proper investigation of social affects.° ° -TimeForms 147 Again, our everyday vocabulary provides us with a beginning. @@ -6602,7 +6454,6 @@ more than linear continuity. After "A" receives its mediation by the antinomy between "A" and "B" has taken place, to that same -148 TimeForMs extent, they alleged, did a transcendence, (i.e., a new reality of a @@ -6647,7 +6498,6 @@ Synchrony, then, is not the middle road between turgidity and rapidity --- it is the apperception of harmony which accompanies -TimeForms' 149 generalization. The painter who says "It is going well' describes a @@ -6692,7 +6542,6 @@ It has commonly been observed that cultures very in their definitions of the ultimate good. But the proliferation of the cultures -150 TimeForms of man need not blind us to the fact that no man, be he "primitive" @@ -6739,7 +6588,6 @@ limit of acceleration within that gear, although we are still accelerating, we are picking up speed at a slower rate. Were we to -TimeForms 151 remain in this gear, the statistical description of our speed and rate of @@ -6777,7 +6625,6 @@ down later on, we observe a metachronizing anachrony and eventually, an anachronizing anachrony: ("1b" to "1a" respectively). -152. TrmeForMs ie) @@ -6883,7 +6730,6 @@ further illustration seems in order, since the two examples we have given each illustrate only one dimension of our paradigm. -TimeForms' 153 Imagine a situation in which a young man is "looking forward @@ -6925,7 +6771,6 @@ the cross-cultural universal we call music. Were we to devote some attention here to repeating rates and varying durations between -154 TimeForms them, and to some of the archetypes of rhythm, tempo, cycles, and @@ -6968,7 +6813,6 @@ be fulfilled. From such a frame of reference, even Spengler's dreadful anatomy of human times seems a relief. In short, although the -TimeForms 155 phenomenon of periodicity has been paid attention in fields of @@ -7011,7 +6855,6 @@ measurement, we cannot measure; yet, if we accede, we seem to preclude novel measures. Of course, this theoretical trap does not -156 TimeForms ensnare our actual experience, since there is a huge difference @@ -7053,7 +6896,6 @@ well known but little studied, that people seem to have variant experiences of periodicity, and that we might do well to investigate -TimEForms 157 the relations between the durations and recurrences which characterize what we might call social rhythms. From Freud's "repetition @@ -7092,7 +6934,6 @@ above, synchrony includes novelty; creativity, paradoxically, is never ex nihilo but always de novo. -158 TimreForms THE VIDECHRON @@ -7137,7 +6978,6 @@ of the data. Tucking our catachronic tails between our legs, we slunk away for simpler pastures." 4 -TimeForms 159 We were aware that Cornellison'® and his co-workers had done @@ -7179,7 +7019,6 @@ working during the course of a series of pilot studies conducted during the last few years, embodies a principle very similar to -160 TimeFormMs Murray's, yet offers some peculiarly Murrayian advantages lacking in @@ -7223,7 +7062,6 @@ tests." We know that people will "distort" photographs, drawings, stories, sentences, in proportion as they need to do so. This helps us -TimeForms 161 to understand their needs and "press", since we assume we @@ -7275,7 +7113,6 @@ seems to be that individuals have mean pace-thresholds which groups can vary somewhat, that groups have mean pace-thresholds that -162 TimeFormMs individuals can vary, somewhat, and that pace sometimes acts as an @@ -7319,7 +7156,6 @@ made any progress here.® ° Thus Freud invites inquiry into the relation of time and anxiety -TimeForms' 163 explicitly, while Marx and Durkheim do not. The relevance of the @@ -7365,7 +7201,6 @@ investigation, the empirical material from which they stem. To put into sharp contrast the empirical and the deductive -164 TimeForms Galileo's disposal were so imperfect that only the boldest @@ -7379,13 +7214,11 @@ not so much directed at 'factual knowledge" as at Chronetics should consist of both. And more. Much more. -TimEPorms'~= 165 NOTES -166 'TimEForRMS Chapter 1: @@ -7448,7 +7281,6 @@ Laing, R. D., The Politics of Experience. Penguin Books, New York, 1967. -TimEForms 167 Chapter 2: @@ -7507,7 +7339,6 @@ alienated youth sponsored by Jewish Family Service of New York. September, 1968 (mimeo). -168 3s @@ -7587,7 +7418,6 @@ of Schizophrenia." Reprint from Behavioral Science, vol. 1. no. 18. -TrmEForms 169 Laing, R. D., The Politics of Experience. Penguin Books, @@ -7658,7 +7488,6 @@ With the cooperation of Frank Gillette and others who then constituted The Raindance Corporation. -170 12. @@ -7755,7 +7584,6 @@ Grimshaw, A. D., 'Sociolinguistics and the Sociologist," Amercan Sociologist, vo 14. -TimEForms'§ 171 . Kluckhohn, C., Murray, H. and Schneider, Culture and Personal- @@ -7873,7 +7701,6 @@ Haldane (ed. and transl.), 3 vol. Humanities Press, New York, 3. -TimEForms 173 . Durkheim, E., Suicide, J. A. Spaulding and G. Simpson (eds. and @@ -8027,7 +7854,6 @@ Erikson, E., 'Identity and the Lifecycle," Monograph, Psycho- 27. -TimeForms' 175 logical Issues, vol. 1, no. 1, International Universities Press, New @@ -8202,7 +8028,6 @@ i 52. -TimMEForMs' 177 Fraisse, P. The Psychology of Time. Harper, New York, 1963. @@ -8251,7 +8076,6 @@ James, W., The Varieties of Religious Experience, various editions. -178 D3. @@ -8357,7 +8181,6 @@ in preparation. 70. -TimEForms' 179 Hegel, G. W. F., Phenomenology of Mind, Sir J. Baillie (transl.), @@ -8491,7 +8314,6 @@ Psychiatric Training and Treatment, Brunner/Mazel, New York, 81. -TimMEForms 181 Eliot, T. S. (from "Burnt Norton") in Four Quarters, Harcourt, |